what is HATU ?

HATU was first reported by Louis A. Carpino in 1993 as an efficient means of preparing active esters derived from 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt). HATU can exist as either the uronium salt (O-form) or the less reactive iminium salt (N-form). HATU was initially reported as the O-form (1) using the original preparation reported by Carpino; however, X-ray crystallographic and NMR studies revealed the true structure of HATU to be the less reactive guanidinium isomer (2). It is, however, possible to obtain the uronium isomer by preparing HATU using KOAt in place of HOAt and working up the reaction mixture quickly to prevent isomerisation.

6-Chloropurine

The 6-Chloropurine, with its CAS NO 87-42-3, is a kind of light yellow crystalline powder. It has synonyms of 1H-Purine, 6-chloro- (9CI);6-Chloro-1H-purine;1H-Purine, 6-chloro-;SK 6048;Purine, 6-chloro-;X 47;6-chloro-5H-purine;6-CP;6-Chloro purine 98%;NSC-744 PVC Pigment Dispersion Chips. 6-Chloropurine should be stored in shady cool warehouse.

IUPAC Name: 6-chloro-7H-purine
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H3ClN4/c6-4-3-5(9-1-7-3)10-2-8-4/h1-2H,(H,7,8,9,10)
InChIKey: ZKBQDFAWXLTYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES : C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=NC=N2)Cl
More about 6-Chloropurine

About Imidocarb

Imidocarb is a diamidine of the carbanalide series of antiprotozoal compounds. 
Imidocarb is a urea derivative used in veterinary medicine as an antiprotozoal agent for the treatment of infection with Babesia (babesiosis) and other parasites.
Catalog No: 3B3-004889
CAS No: 55750-06-6
Molecular Formula: C19H20N6O.2C3H6O2
Molecular Weight: 496.57

what is Erlotinib hydrochloride ?

Erlotinib hydrochloride is a drug used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer and several other types of cancer. It is a reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which acts on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
Erlotinib is an EGFR inhibitor. The drug follows Iressa (gefitinib), which was the first drug of this type. Erlotinib specifically targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, which is highly expressed and occasionally mutated in various forms of cancer. It binds in a reversible fashion to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site of the receptor. For the signal to be transmitted, two EGFR molecules need to come together to form a homodimer. These then use the molecule of ATP to trans-phosphorylate each other on tyrosine residues, which generates phosphotyrosine residues, recruiting the phosphotyrosine-binding proteins to EGFR to assemble protein complexes that transduce signal cascades to the nucleus or activate other cellular biochemical processes. By inhibiting the ATP, formation of phosphotyrosine residues in EGFR is not possible and the signal cascades are not initiated.
CAS:183321-74-6
Molecular Formula:C22H23N3O4
Molecular Weight: 393.44g/mol
More about Erlotinib hydrochloride

the use of Azithromycin

Azithromycin prevents bacterial cells from manufacturing specific proteins necessary for their survival. It differs from other macrolides in its azalide structure. Azithromycin, as the dihydrate, is a white crystalline powder.Azithromycin is an antibiotic used in combination with other drugs as preventive to treat various bacterial infections, particularly of the sinuses, throat, and respiratory tract (such as bronchitis and pneumonia); infections of the ear; venereal disease due to chlamydial and chancroid infection; skin infections; and diarrhea associated with campylobacter and other bacteria that cause food poisoning. Also used to prevent and treat a tuberculosis-like disease known as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), which is common in people with advanced AIDS. Azithromycin is also used for treating cryptosporidiosis.
Azithromycin is used to treat many different infections, including acute otitis media, nonstreptococcal bacterial pharyngitis, gastrointestinal infections such as traveler's diarrhea, respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia, cellulitis, babesiosis, Bartonella infection, chancroid, cholera, donovanosis, leptospirosis, Lyme disease, malaria, Mycobacterium avium complex disease, Neisseria meningitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pertussis, scrub typhus, toxoplasmosis, and salmonellosis. It is used to prevent bacterial endocarditis and some sexually transmitted infections.It is also effective against localized dental infections, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, urethritis and cervicitis and also genital ulcer disease. Azithromycin is used as a second line treatment for strep throat and for those allergic to penicillin. It has a similar antimicrobial spectrum to erythromycin, but is more effective against certain Gram-negative bacteria, in particular, Haemophilus influenzae (although it would not be the first choice of treatment in this infection). Azithromycin resistance has been described and is endemic in many areas. Long-term use in treating Staphylococcus aureus infections with azithromycin may increase bacterial resistance to this and other macrolide antibiotics.
CAS No.:83905-01-5
Molecular formula:C38H72N2O12
Molecular weight:748.984 g·mol

what is Berberine chloride hydrate ?

Berberine chloride hydrate occurs as yellow crystals or crystalline powder.It is odorless or has a faint,characteristic odor.It has a very bitter taste.It is sparingly soluble in methanol,sightly soluble in ethanol and very slightly soluble in water.
Berberine chloride hydrate is an alkaloid derived from Chinese goldthread, bark of cork tree and other plants. It can be also synthesized in artificial method. It is used as raw material to make preparations, which are usually administered the treatment of intestinal infections. Category Bitter stomachic, Antibacterial.
CAS No.:141433-60-5
Synonyms: 5,6-Dihydro-9,10-dimethoxybenzo[g]-1,3-benzodioxolo[5,6-a]quinolizinium chloride hydrate 
Molecular formula:  C20H18NO4.Cl.H2O 
Molecular weight:  389.83 
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what is ZSM-5 ?

ZSM-5, Zeolite Socony Mobil–5, is an aluminosilicate zeolite belonging to the pentasil family of zeolites. Its chemical formula is NanAlnSi96–nO192·16H2O (0<n<27). Patented by Mobil Oil Company in 1975, it is widely used in the petroleum industry as a heterogeneous catalyst for hydrocarbon isomerization reactions.
ZSM-5  has a high silicon to aluminum ratio. Whenever an Al3+ cation replaces a Si4+ cation, an additional positive charge is required to keep the material charge-neutral. With proton (H+) as the cation, the material becomes very acidic. Thus the acidity is proportional to the Al content. The very regular 3-D structure and the acidity of ZSM-5 can be utilized for acid-catalyzed reactions such as hydrocarbon isomerization and the alkylation of hydrocarbons. One such reaction is the isomerization of meta-xylene to para-xylene. Within the pores of the ZSM-5 zeolite, para-xylene has a much higher diffusion coefficient than meta-xylene. When the isomerization reaction is allowed to occur within the pores of ZSM-5, para-xylene is able to traverse along the pores of the zeolite, diffusing out of the catalyst very quickly. This size-selectivity allows the isomerization reaction to occur quickly in high yield.
ZSM-5 has been used as a support material for catalysis. In one such example, copper is deposited on the zeolite and a stream of ethanol is passed through at temperatures of 240 to 320 °C as a vapour stream, which causes the ethanol to oxidize to acetaldehyde; two hydrogens are lost by the ethanol as hydrogen gas. It appears that the specific pore size of ZSM-5 is of benefit to this process, which also functions for other alcohols and oxidations. The copper is occasionally combined with other metals, such as chromium, to fine tune the diversity and specificity of the products, as there is likely to be more than one. Acetic acid is an example of one possible byproduct from hot copper oxidation.

The description about Graphite oxide

Graphite oxide, formerly called graphitic oxide or graphitic acid, is a compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in variable ratios, obtained by treating graphite with strong oxidizers. The maximally oxidized bulk product is a yellow solid with C:O ratio between 2.1 and 2.9, that retains the layer structure of graphite but with a much larger and irregular spacing.
The bulk material disperses in basic solutions to yield monomolecular sheets, known as graphene oxide by analogy to graphene, the single-layer form of graphite. Graphene oxide sheets have been used to prepare a strong paper-like material, and have recently attracted substantial interest as a possible intermediate for the manufacture of graphene. However, this goal remained elusive until 2012 since graphene obtained by this route still has many chemical and structural defects.
Graphite oxide has attracted much interest recently as a possible route for the large-scale production and manipulation of graphene, a material with extraordinary electronic properties. Graphite oxide itself is an insulator,almost a semiconductor, with differential conductivity between 1 and 5×10−3 S/cm at a bias voltage of 10 V. However, being hydrophilic, graphite oxide disperses readily in water, breaking up into macroscopic flakes, mostly one layer thick. Chemical reduction of these flakes would yield a suspension of graphene flakes. It was argued that the first experimental observation of graphene was reported by Hanns-Peter Boehm in 1962. In this early work the existence of monolayer reduced graphene oxide flakes was demonstrated. The contribution of Boehm was recently acknowledged by Andre Geim, the Nobel Prize winner for graphene research.More about Graphite oxide.

what is Tetramisole hydrochloride ?

Tetramisole hydrochloride is white to off-white crystalline powder, used as an anthelmintic in the treatment of many nematodes particularly in veterinary applications. Tetramisole is a racemic mixture. The levo-form, levamisole is more active.
CAS No.:5086-74-8
Synonyms: Levamisole hydrochloride; DL-2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride 
Molecular Formula:  C11H12N2S.HCl  
Molecular Weight:  240.75
More about Tetramisole hydrochloride 

what is the Colistin sulfate ?

Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. Colistin is a mixture of cyclic polypeptides colistin A and B. Colistin is effective against most Gram-negative bacilli and is used as a polypeptide antibiotic.
Colistin is a decades-old drug that fell out of favor due to its nephrotoxicity.

Colistin sulfate and colistimethate sodium may both be given intravenously, but the dosing is complicated. The very different labeling of the parenteral products of colistin methanesulfonate in different parts of the world was first revealed by Li et al.  Colistimethate sodium manufactured by Xellia (Colomycin injection) is prescribed in international units, but colistimethate sodium manufactured by Parkdale Pharmaceuticals (Coly-Mycin M Parenteral) is prescribed in milligrams of colistin base:
Colomycin 1,000,000 units is 80 mg colistimethate;
Coly-mycin M 150 mg "colistin base" is 360 mg colistimethate or 4,500,000 units.
Because colistin was introduced into clinical practice over 50 years ago, it was never subject to the regulations that modern drugs are subject to, and therefore there is no standardised dosing of colistin and no detailed trials on pharmacology or pharmacokinetics: The optimal dosing of colistin for most infections is therefore unknown. Colomycin has a recommended intravenous dose of 1 to 2 million units three times daily for patients weighing 60 kg or more with normal renal function. Coly-Mycin has a recommended dose of 2.5 to 5 mg/kg colistin base a day, which is equivalent to 6 to 12 mg/kg colistimethate sodium per day. For a 60 kg man, therefore, the recommended dose for Colomycin is 240 to 480 mg of colistimethate sodium, yet the recommended dose for Coly-Mycin is 360 to 720 mg of colistimethate sodium. Likewise, the recommended "maximum" dose for each preparation is different (480 mg for Colomycin and 720 mg for Coly-Mycin). Each country has different generic preparations of colistin, and the recommended dose will depend on the manufacturer. This complete absence of any regulation or standardisation of dose makes intravenous colistin dosing difficult for any physician.

Information about Thiabendazole

Thiabendazole is a systemic benzimidazole fungicide used to control fruit and vegetable diseases such as mold, rot, blight and stain. Thiabendazole is a drug used for the treatment of infections caused by parasites (mites and worms) and fungi (molds and yeasts).Thiabendazole is a General Use Pesticide.
USE :It is used primarily to control mold, blight, and other fungally caused diseases in fruits (e.g. oranges) and vegetables; it is also used as a prophylactic treatment for Dutch elm disease.
Use in treatment of aspergillosis has been reported.
As an antiparasitic, Thiabendazole  is able to control roundworms (such as those causing strongyloidiasis), hookworms, and other helminth species which attack wild animals, livestock and humans.
Medicinally,Thiabendazole is also a chelating agent, which means that it is used medicinally to bind metals in cases of metal poisoning, such as lead, mercury or antimony poisoning.It is used primarily to control mold, blight, and other fungally caused diseases in fruits (e.g. oranges) and vegetables; it is also used as a prophylactic treatment for Dutch elm disease.As an antiparasitic, it is able to control roundworms (such as those causing strongyloidiasis),[2] hookworms, and other helminth species which attack wild animals, livestock and humans.

what is Nicotinamide Riboside ?

Nicotinamide Riboside is a natural ingredient that is found in milk. It is actually related to niacin and other forms of vitamin B3. This molecule has become more and more popular today because of various scientific studies that prove its ability to prevent obesity by helping you fight weight gain. Researchers have found that this molecule can serve as a unique supplement that will boost one’s metabolism to help burn off more calories and prevent weight gain. Apart from preventing weight gain, it also helps boost muscle performance, increase energy expenditure, and minimize the risk factors of diabetes. What makes this milk ingredient even more appealing is that it does not have any side effects.Basically, Nicotinamide Riboside  is a naturally occurring precursor of NAD+. What NAD does it is allows sugars, proteins, and fats to be converted into energy. Thus, this process simply shows that nicotinamide riboside boosts NAD levels in the cells of mammals to burn sugars, proteins, and fats as energy to encourage weight loss. In order to further study the many health benefits of nicotinamide riboside (NR), Dr. Suave invented a straightforward methodology to synthesize NR so that it could be studied on a much larger scale. This method of synthezization is patented by Cornell’s Center for Technology Enterprise and Commercialization and is licensed to ChromaDex Corportation.

CAS No.:1341-23-7
Synonyms: Nicotinamide-beta-Riboside;
Molecular Formula: C11H15N2O5+

Digoxin Ph Eur, BP, USP

Digoxin is a purified cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant. Its corresponding aglycone is digoxigenin. Digoxin is widely used in the treatment of various heart conditions, namely atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and sometimes heart failure that cannot be controlled by other medication.AvailabilityFor your requirements of evaluation, Pilots and Commercial procurement.
 The use of Digoxin in heart problems during sinus rhythm was once standard, but is now controversial. In theory, the increased force of contraction should lead to improved pumping function of the heart, but its effect on prognosis is disputable, and other effective treatments are now available. Digoxin is no longer the first choice for congestive heart failure, but can still be useful in patients who remain symptomatic despite proper diuretic and ACE inhibitor treatment.
CAS:20830-75-5
Molecular Formula:C41H64O14
Molecular Weight:780.938
Quality Standards:Ph Eur, BP, USP

About Suxamethonium chloride

Suxamethonium chloride (INN), also known as suxamethonium or succinylcholine, is a paralytic drug used to induce muscle relaxation and short term paralysis, usually to facilitate tracheal intubation. Suxamethonium is sold under the trade names Anectine, Quelicin and Scoline. It is used as a paralytic agent for euthanasia/immobilization of horses.
Suxamethonium acts as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. It imitates the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, acting non-competitively on muscle type nicotinic receptors. It is degraded by butyrylcholinesterase, a plasma cholinesterase. This hydrolysis by butyrylcholinesterase is much slower than that of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase.
Its medical uses are limited to short-term muscle relaxation in anesthesia and intensive care, usually for facilitation of endotracheal intubation. Despite its adverse effects, including life threatening malignant hyperthermia, hyperkalaemia, and anaphylaxis, it is perennially popular in emergency medicine because it arguably has the fastest onset and shortest duration of action of all muscle relaxants. The former is a major point of consideration in the context of trauma care, where endotracheal intubation may need to be completed very quickly. The latter means that, should attempts at endotracheal intubation fail and the patient cannot be ventilated, there is a prospect for neuromuscular recovery and the onset of spontaneous breathing before hypoxaemia occurs.
Suxamethonium chloride is also commonly used as the sole muscle relaxant during electroconvulsive therapy, favoured for its short duration of action.

about Spectinomycin

Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic, closely related to the aminoglycosides, produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis. Spectinomycin is produced in nature by many organisms including cyanobacteria and various plant species. It is present in the genome or plastome of many plastids as the spc operon, which is usually 2–10 amino acids long (this has been known to vary). The difference in size may be due to the elimination of obsolete genes or the takeover of its function by nuclear genes. Spectinomycin is mainly produced by organisms as a defence mechanism against predators.It is given by injection to treat gonorrhea, especially in patients who are allergic to penicillins. This antibiotic is no longer available in the United States. A resistance-conferring gene for spectinomycin can also be used as a selection marker in bacteria for molecular cloning purposes. Furthermore, Spectinomycin is used as a selection agent for transformed plant cells that contain the selectable marker gene Spcr.

what is Bicozamycin ?

Bicozamycin was dissolved in water and administered to pigs by stomach tube at 40 mg once daily for 7 consecutive days. The plasma concentration was determined on days 1 and 7 of the dosing period. The mean (± SD) peak plasma concentrations were 2.06±0.36 µg/ml at 3.08±0.80 h on day 1 and 2.36±1.32 µg/ml at 2.80±0.74 h on day 7, the elimination half-lives being 3.80±0.92 h and 2.43±1.41 h, respectively. The mean areas under the plasma concentration-time curves were 15.88±2.18 (µg h)/ml on day 1 and 12.31±6.98 (µg h)/ml on day 7. These pharmacokinetic parameters did not differ between days 1 and 7, suggesting that there was no accumulation in the plasma after consecutive oral dosing. The residues in kidney, liver and muscle were examined in pigs slaughtered on days 1, 3 and 5 after the last dosing. One day after withdrawal, residues were found in the kidneys of all three pigs examined, at a mean concentration of 0.26 µg/g, and in muscle from one pig, but not in liver from any of the pigs. Bicozamycin was not detected in any of the samples taken 3 or 5 days after withdrawal.
CAS No.:38129-37-2
Synonyms: Aizumycin;Bacteron;Bicyclomycin;
Molecular formula:  C12H18N2O7
MW: 302.281
EINECS: 253-795-3
Mol file: 38129-37-2.mo

ABOUT Rifampicin

Rifampicin(INN) or rifampin(USAN) is a bactericidal antibiotic drug of the rifamycin group.It is a semisynthetic compound derived from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica.Rifampicin was introduced in 1967, as a major addition to the cocktail-drug treatment of tuberculosis and inactive meningitis, along with isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and streptomycin.Rifampicin is typically used to treat Mycobacterium infections, including tuberculosis and Hansen's disease. It can be used to treat abscesses, as an uncommon complication of BCG vaccination for tuberculosis.
There is no difference between a three to four month regimen of rifampicin and a six to nine month regimen for preventing active tuberculosis in those with HIV-negative latent tuberculosis.The quality of the evidence was however low.

CAS:13292-46-1
Molecular Formula: C43H58N4O12
Molecular Weight: 822.94 g/mol
Specification:1g/5g

WHAT IS MINOCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE ?

Minocycline and doxycycline are frequently used for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Both of these closely related antibiotics have similar levels of efficacy, although doxycycline has a slightly lower risk of adverse side effects. Historically, minocycline has been a very effective treatment for acne vulgaris. However, acne that is caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria is a growing problem in many countries. In Europe and North America, a significant number of acne patients no longer respond well to treatment with tetracycline family antibiotics  because their acne symptoms are caused by bacteria  that are resistant to these antibiotics.
Minocycline is also used for other skin infections such as MRSA as well as Lyme disease, as the one pill twice daily 100 mg dosage is far easier for patients than the four times a day required with tetracycline or oxytetracycline. Its activity against Lyme disease is enhanced by its superior ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.
Although minocycline's broader spectrum of activity, compared with other members of the group, includes activity against Neisseria meningitidis, its use as a prophylaxis is no longer recommended because of side effects (dizziness and vertigo).
It may be used to treat certain strains of MRSA infection and a disease caused by drug resistant acinetobacter.
Both minocycline and doxycycline have shown effectiveness in asthma due to immune suppressing effects Minocycline as well as doxycycline have modest effectiveness in treating rheumatoid arthritis. It is recognized as a DMARDS  by the American College of Rheumatology, which recommends its use as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.

About Suxamethonium chloride

Suxamethonium chloride (INN), also known as suxamethonium or succinylcholine, is a paralytic drug used to induce muscle relaxation and short term paralysis, usually to facilitate tracheal intubation. Suxamethonium is sold under the trade names Anectine, Quelicin and Scoline. It is used as a paralytic agent for euthanasia/immobilization of horses.
Suxamethonium acts as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. It imitates the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, acting non-competitively on muscle type nicotinic receptors. It is degraded by butyrylcholinesterase, a plasma cholinesterase. This hydrolysis by butyrylcholinesterase is much slower than that of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase.
CAS: 71-27-2
MF: C14H30Cl2N2O4
MW: 361.3
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About Bikaozha bleomycin (Bicozamycin)

Bikaozha bleomycin (Bicozamycin): also known as bicyclomycin, by the newly developed in Japan as a double cyclic polypeptide antibiotic pig, chicken feed additive, produced by the Streptomyces griseoflvus fermentation, molecular formula was C12H18O7N2, molecular weight 302.28. Bikaozha mycin mainly on Escherichia coli, Salmonella and other gram negative bacteria has strong antibacterial activity. Research shows that, at low dose was added in the feed, not only can prevent intestinal adhesion within Salmonella bacteria, reduce the number of intestinal malignant Escherichia coli, and does not affect other normal bacteria produce, produce and no cross resistance between existing antibiotics. Bikaozha lincomycin in animal gastrointestinal absorption, less residue, quickly decompose in manure and soil, with low toxicity. At present has been Japan approved for chicken, pig feed and prevent colon bacillus, Salmonella infection, promote growth, improve feed efficiency, the recommended dose: growing pig, chicken 5 ￣ 20g titer of /t. Commercial preparations: peck fat (BACFEED).
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