Monday, January 20, 2014
what is Tetramisole hydrochloride ?
Tetramisole hydrochloride is white to off-white crystalline powder, used as an anthelmintic in the treatment of many nematodes particularly in veterinary applications. Tetramisole is a racemic mixture. The levo-form, levamisole is more active.
CAS No.:5086-74-8
Synonyms: Levamisole hydrochloride; DL-2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride
Molecular Formula: C11H12N2S.HCl
Molecular Weight: 240.75
More about Tetramisole hydrochloride
what is the Colistin sulfate ?
Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. Colistin is a mixture of cyclic polypeptides colistin A and B. Colistin is effective against most Gram-negative bacilli and is used as a polypeptide antibiotic.
Colistin is a decades-old drug that fell out of favor due to its nephrotoxicity.
Colistin sulfate and colistimethate sodium may both be given intravenously, but the dosing is complicated. The very different labeling of the parenteral products of colistin methanesulfonate in different parts of the world was first revealed by Li et al. Colistimethate sodium manufactured by Xellia (Colomycin injection) is prescribed in international units, but colistimethate sodium manufactured by Parkdale Pharmaceuticals (Coly-Mycin M Parenteral) is prescribed in milligrams of colistin base:
Colomycin 1,000,000 units is 80 mg colistimethate;
Coly-mycin M 150 mg "colistin base" is 360 mg colistimethate or 4,500,000 units.
Because colistin was introduced into clinical practice over 50 years ago, it was never subject to the regulations that modern drugs are subject to, and therefore there is no standardised dosing of colistin and no detailed trials on pharmacology or pharmacokinetics: The optimal dosing of colistin for most infections is therefore unknown. Colomycin has a recommended intravenous dose of 1 to 2 million units three times daily for patients weighing 60 kg or more with normal renal function. Coly-Mycin has a recommended dose of 2.5 to 5 mg/kg colistin base a day, which is equivalent to 6 to 12 mg/kg colistimethate sodium per day. For a 60 kg man, therefore, the recommended dose for Colomycin is 240 to 480 mg of colistimethate sodium, yet the recommended dose for Coly-Mycin is 360 to 720 mg of colistimethate sodium. Likewise, the recommended "maximum" dose for each preparation is different (480 mg for Colomycin and 720 mg for Coly-Mycin). Each country has different generic preparations of colistin, and the recommended dose will depend on the manufacturer. This complete absence of any regulation or standardisation of dose makes intravenous colistin dosing difficult for any physician.
Friday, January 17, 2014
Information about Thiabendazole
Thiabendazole is a systemic benzimidazole fungicide used to control fruit and vegetable diseases such as mold, rot, blight and stain. Thiabendazole is a drug used for the treatment of infections caused by parasites (mites and worms) and fungi (molds and yeasts).Thiabendazole is a General Use Pesticide.
USE :It is used primarily to control mold, blight, and other fungally caused diseases in fruits (e.g. oranges) and vegetables; it is also used as a prophylactic treatment for Dutch elm disease.
Use in treatment of aspergillosis has been reported.
As an antiparasitic, Thiabendazole is able to control roundworms (such as those causing strongyloidiasis), hookworms, and other helminth species which attack wild animals, livestock and humans.
Medicinally,Thiabendazole is also a chelating agent, which means that it is used medicinally to bind metals in cases of metal poisoning, such as lead, mercury or antimony poisoning.It is used primarily to control mold, blight, and other fungally caused diseases in fruits (e.g. oranges) and vegetables; it is also used as a prophylactic treatment for Dutch elm disease.As an antiparasitic, it is able to control roundworms (such as those causing strongyloidiasis),[2] hookworms, and other helminth species which attack wild animals, livestock and humans.
what is Nicotinamide Riboside ?
Nicotinamide Riboside is a natural ingredient that is found in milk. It is actually related to niacin and other forms of vitamin B3. This molecule has become more and more popular today because of various scientific studies that prove its ability to prevent obesity by helping you fight weight gain. Researchers have found that this molecule can serve as a unique supplement that will boost one’s metabolism to help burn off more calories and prevent weight gain. Apart from preventing weight gain, it also helps boost muscle performance, increase energy expenditure, and minimize the risk factors of diabetes. What makes this milk ingredient even more appealing is that it does not have any side effects.Basically, Nicotinamide Riboside is a naturally occurring precursor of NAD+. What NAD does it is allows sugars, proteins, and fats to be converted into energy. Thus, this process simply shows that nicotinamide riboside boosts NAD levels in the cells of mammals to burn sugars, proteins, and fats as energy to encourage weight loss. In order to further study the many health benefits of nicotinamide riboside (NR), Dr. Suave invented a straightforward methodology to synthesize NR so that it could be studied on a much larger scale. This method of synthezization is patented by Cornell’s Center for Technology Enterprise and Commercialization and is licensed to ChromaDex Corportation.
CAS No.:1341-23-7
Synonyms: Nicotinamide-beta-Riboside;
Molecular Formula: C11H15N2O5+
CAS No.:1341-23-7
Synonyms: Nicotinamide-beta-Riboside;
Molecular Formula: C11H15N2O5+
Thursday, January 16, 2014
Digoxin Ph Eur, BP, USP
Digoxin is a purified cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant. Its corresponding aglycone is digoxigenin. Digoxin is widely used in the treatment of various heart conditions, namely atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and sometimes heart failure that cannot be controlled by other medication.AvailabilityFor your requirements of evaluation, Pilots and Commercial procurement.
The use of Digoxin in heart problems during sinus rhythm was once standard, but is now controversial. In theory, the increased force of contraction should lead to improved pumping function of the heart, but its effect on prognosis is disputable, and other effective treatments are now available. Digoxin is no longer the first choice for congestive heart failure, but can still be useful in patients who remain symptomatic despite proper diuretic and ACE inhibitor treatment.
CAS:20830-75-5
Molecular Formula:C41H64O14
Molecular Weight:780.938
Quality Standards:Ph Eur, BP, USP
About Suxamethonium chloride
Suxamethonium chloride (INN), also known as suxamethonium or succinylcholine, is a paralytic drug used to induce muscle relaxation and short term paralysis, usually to facilitate tracheal intubation. Suxamethonium is sold under the trade names Anectine, Quelicin and Scoline. It is used as a paralytic agent for euthanasia/immobilization of horses.
Suxamethonium acts as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. It imitates the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, acting non-competitively on muscle type nicotinic receptors. It is degraded by butyrylcholinesterase, a plasma cholinesterase. This hydrolysis by butyrylcholinesterase is much slower than that of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase.
Its medical uses are limited to short-term muscle relaxation in anesthesia and intensive care, usually for facilitation of endotracheal intubation. Despite its adverse effects, including life threatening malignant hyperthermia, hyperkalaemia, and anaphylaxis, it is perennially popular in emergency medicine because it arguably has the fastest onset and shortest duration of action of all muscle relaxants. The former is a major point of consideration in the context of trauma care, where endotracheal intubation may need to be completed very quickly. The latter means that, should attempts at endotracheal intubation fail and the patient cannot be ventilated, there is a prospect for neuromuscular recovery and the onset of spontaneous breathing before hypoxaemia occurs.
Suxamethonium chloride is also commonly used as the sole muscle relaxant during electroconvulsive therapy, favoured for its short duration of action.
Wednesday, January 15, 2014
about Spectinomycin
Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic, closely related to the aminoglycosides, produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis. Spectinomycin is produced in nature by many organisms including cyanobacteria and various plant species. It is present in the genome or plastome of many plastids as the spc operon, which is usually 2–10 amino acids long (this has been known to vary). The difference in size may be due to the elimination of obsolete genes or the takeover of its function by nuclear genes. Spectinomycin is mainly produced by organisms as a defence mechanism against predators.It is given by injection to treat gonorrhea, especially in patients who are allergic to penicillins. This antibiotic is no longer available in the United States. A resistance-conferring gene for spectinomycin can also be used as a selection marker in bacteria for molecular cloning purposes. Furthermore, Spectinomycin is used as a selection agent for transformed plant cells that contain the selectable marker gene Spcr.
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