Friday, November 29, 2013
Ciclesonide
Ciclesonide is a glucocorticoid used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. It is marketed under the brand name Alvesco for asthma and Omnaris/Omniair for hay fever in the US and Canada. Phase 3 trials for the hay fever indication outside the US are ongoing. The drug was approved for adults and children 12 and over by the US Food and Drug Administration in October 2006.Side effects of the medication include headache, nosebleeds, and inflammation of the nose and throat linings
About Betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone is a potent glucocorticoid steroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Unlike other drugs with these effects, betamethasone does not cause water retention. It is applied as a topical cream, ointment, foam, lotion or gel to treat itching. Betamethasone sodium phosphate is sometimes prescribed as an intramuscular injection (I.M) for itching from various ailments, including allergic reactions to poison ivy and similar plants.
Betamethasone is available in a number of compound forms: betamethasone dipropionate (branded as Diprosone, Diprolene, Celestamine, Procort in Pakistan and others), sodium phosphate (branded as Bentelan in Italy[1]) and valerate (branded as Betnovate, Celestone, Fucibet, and others). In the United States and Canada, betamethasone is mixed with clotrimazole and sold as Lotrisone and Lotriderm. It is also available in combination with salicylic acid for using in psoriatic skin conditions.
Betamethasone is available in a number of compound forms: betamethasone dipropionate (branded as Diprosone, Diprolene, Celestamine, Procort in Pakistan and others), sodium phosphate (branded as Bentelan in Italy[1]) and valerate (branded as Betnovate, Celestone, Fucibet, and others). In the United States and Canada, betamethasone is mixed with clotrimazole and sold as Lotrisone and Lotriderm. It is also available in combination with salicylic acid for using in psoriatic skin conditions.
Thursday, November 28, 2013
About Algestone Acetophenide
Algestone Acetophenide: Algestone acetophenide is a pregnane steroid.,A progesterone that has been used in ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION and has been evaluated as an injectable contraceptive in combination with estradiol enanthate. It is also used therapeutically as a topical anti-inflammatory and is applied topically in the treatment of ACNE.
About Amcinonide
Amcinonide is a topical glucocorticoid used to treat itching, redness and swelling associated with several dermatologic conditions such as atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.
Amcinonide is a topical steroid. It reduces the actions of chemicals in the body that cause inflammation, redness, and swelling.
Amcinonide is used to treat the inflammation and itching caused by a number of skin conditions such as allergic reactions, eczema, and psoriasis.
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to amcinonide.
Before using Amcinonide opical, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have any type of skin infection.
Also tell your doctor if you have diabetes. Topical steroid medicines absorbed through the skin may increase the glucose (sugar) levels in your blood or urine.
FDA pregnancy category C. This medication may be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment.
It is not known whether Amcinonide opical passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
Product name:Amcinonide
CAS: 51022-69-6
Molecular formula: C28H35FO7
Molecular weight: 502.57
Specifications: USP29
Amcinonide is a topical steroid. It reduces the actions of chemicals in the body that cause inflammation, redness, and swelling.
Amcinonide is used to treat the inflammation and itching caused by a number of skin conditions such as allergic reactions, eczema, and psoriasis.
Do not use this medication if you are allergic to amcinonide.
Before using Amcinonide opical, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have any type of skin infection.
Also tell your doctor if you have diabetes. Topical steroid medicines absorbed through the skin may increase the glucose (sugar) levels in your blood or urine.
FDA pregnancy category C. This medication may be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment.
It is not known whether Amcinonide opical passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
Product name:Amcinonide
CAS: 51022-69-6
Molecular formula: C28H35FO7
Molecular weight: 502.57
Specifications: USP29
Wednesday, November 27, 2013
About R-(3)-Hydroxymyristic acid
3-hydroxymyristic acid is a member of the chemical class known as Hydroxy Fatty Acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears an hydroxyl group. Hydroxymyristic acid is a component of lipid A.
AS:28715-21-1
Molecular Formula:C14H28O3
Molecular Weight:244.37g/mol
Description:R-(3)-Hydroxymyristic acid,R-(3)-Hydroxymyristic acid,R-(3)-Hydroxymyristic acid,R-(3)-Hydroxymyristic acid.
About Emtricitabine
Emtricitabine (FTC), with trade name Emtriva (formerly Coviracil), is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children.
Emtricitabine is also marketed in a fixed-dose combination with tenofovir (Viread) under the brand name Truvada. A fixed-dose triple combination of emtricitabine, tenofovir and efavirenz (Sustiva, marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on July 12, 2006 under the brand name Atripla.
Emtricitabine is an analogue of cytidine. The drug works by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, the enzyme that copies HIV RNA into new viral DNA. By interfering with this process, which is central to the replication of HIV, emtricitabine can help to lower the amount of HIV, or "viral load", in a patient's body and can indirectly increase the number of immune system cells (called T cells or CD4+ T-cells). Both of these changes are associated with healthier immune systems and decreased likelihood of serious illness.
Tuesday, November 26, 2013
About Budesonide
Budesonide is a glucocorticoid steroid for the treatment of asthma, COPD and non-infectious rhinitis (including hay fever and other allergies), and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. In addition, it is used for Crohn's disease (inflammatory bowel disease).
Budesonide is nebulized for maintenance and prophylactic treatment of asthma including patients who require oral corticosteroids and those who may benefit from systemic dose reduction.
Budesonide is nebulized for maintenance and prophylactic treatment of asthma including patients who require oral corticosteroids and those who may benefit from systemic dose reduction.
Budesonide controls the rate of protein synthesis.
Depressing the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and fibroblasts.
Budesonide reverses capillary permeability and lysosomal stabilization at the cellular level to prevent or control inflammation.
Budesonide also has a potent glucocorticoid activity and weak mineralocorticoid activity.
About Clocortolone
Clocortolone (trade name Cloderm) is a topical steroid. It is used in the form of an ester, clocortolone pivalate, and applied as a cream.
This medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Clocortolone reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a medium-strength corticosteroid.
Use this medication on the skin only. However, do not use it on the face, groin, or underarms unless directed to do so by your doctor.
Wash and dry your hands before using. Clean and dry the affected area. Apply a thin film of medication to the affected area and gently rub in, usually 3 times daily or as directed by your doctor. Do not bandage, cover, or wrap the area unless directed to do so by your doctor. If used in the diaper area on an infant, do not use tight-fitting diapers or plastic pants.
After applying the medication, wash your hands unless you are using this medication to treat the hands. When applying this medication near the eyes, avoid getting it in the eyes because this may worsen or cause glaucoma. Also, avoid getting this medication in the nose or mouth. If you get the medication in these areas, rinse with plenty of water.
Use this medication only for the condition for which it was prescribed. Do not use it for longer than prescribed.
Inform your doctor if your condition persists or worsens after 2 weeks.
Monday, November 25, 2013
About Deflazacort Intermediate
Synonyms:2-(5-hydroxy-4a,6a,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-2,4a,4b,5,6,6a,9a,10,10a,10b,11,12-dodecahydro-6bH-naphtho[2',1':4,5]indeno[1,2-d][1,3]oxazol-6b-yl)-2-oxoethyl acetate;2-[(4aR,4bS,5S,6aS,6bS,9aR,10aS,10bS)-5-hydroxy-4a,6a,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-2,4a,4b,5,6,6a,9a,10,10a,10b,11,12-dodecahydro-6bH-naphtho[2',1':4,5]indeno[1,2-d][1,3]oxazol-6b-yl]-2-oxoethyl acetate;
Chemical Name:5'H-Pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione,11-hydroxy-2'-methyl-, (11b,16b)
Chemical structure:
Specific Rotation: +56 ~ +66;
Loss on drying: <0.5% ;
Assay: 97.0%~102.0%
CAS: 13649-88-2
Molecular formula: C23H29NO4
Molecular weight: 383.486
Specifications: ≥ 97%
Appearance: Pale yellow or yellow crystalline Powder
What is Desonide ?
Desonide is the generic name of a low-potency topical corticosteroid that has been available since the 1970s. It is primarily used to treat atopic dermatitis (eczema), seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and psoriasis in both adults and children.Desonide has a fairly good safety profile and is available as a cream, ointment, lotion, and as a foam under the tradename Verdeso Foam. It is a group VI corticosteroid under US classification, the second least potent group.
Friday, November 22, 2013
Azoxymethane
Azoxymethane is a carcinogenic and neurotoxic chemical compound used in biological research.It is the oxide of azomethane.It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.
Azoxymethane is a potent carcinogen used to induce colon cancer in rats and mice. It has been used in studies evaluating efficacy of preventative treatment for azoxymethane-induced carcinogenesis.Azoxymethane is also commonly used to determine the chemopreventative effectiveness of particular foods such as undigestable sugars red meat, and green tea among others in rodent models. These rodent model results aid in the identification of possible preventative approaches to human colon cancer.
Changes or abnormalities in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling are detected in tumors developed by mice treated with AOM. Treatment with azoxymethane activates intrinsic tyrosine kinase of EGF receptor while stimulating the synthesis of TGF-alpha.
Azoxymethane is a potent carcinogen used to induce colon cancer in rats and mice. It has been used in studies evaluating efficacy of preventative treatment for azoxymethane-induced carcinogenesis.Azoxymethane is also commonly used to determine the chemopreventative effectiveness of particular foods such as undigestable sugars red meat, and green tea among others in rodent models. These rodent model results aid in the identification of possible preventative approaches to human colon cancer.
Changes or abnormalities in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling are detected in tumors developed by mice treated with AOM. Treatment with azoxymethane activates intrinsic tyrosine kinase of EGF receptor while stimulating the synthesis of TGF-alpha.
Dapoxetine hydrochloride
Dapoxetine, marketed as Priligy (among and other brands) is the first compound developed specially for the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) in men 18–64 years old. Dapoxetine works by inhibiting the serotonin transporter, increasing serotonin’s action at the post synaptic cleft, and as a consequence promoting ejaculatory delay. As a member of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) family, dapoxetine was initially created as an antidepressant. However, unlike other SSRIs, Dapoxetine Hydrochloride s absorbed and eliminated rapidly in the body. Its fast acting property makes it suitable for the treatment of PE but not as an antidepressant.
Dapoxetine Hydrochloride is an experimental new drug which may help men fight premature ejaculation.It is a selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake that is indicated for the treatment of patients with premature ejaculation.
Dapoxetine Hydrochloride is an experimental new drug which may help men fight premature ejaculation.It is a selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake that is indicated for the treatment of patients with premature ejaculation.
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Burgess reagent
The Burgess reagent or methyl N-(triethylammoniumsulfonyl)carbamate was developed in the laboratory of Edward M. Burgess at Georgia Tech. It is a mild and selective dehydrating reagent often used in organic chemistry. It is used to convert secondary and tertiary alcohol with an adjacent proton into alkenes. Primary alcohols do not work well. The reagent is soluble in common organic solvents and alcohol dehydration takes place with syn elimination. The Burgess reagent is a carbamate and a so-called inner salt. A general mechanism is shown below.
About Tadanafil
Tadalafil is a PDE5 inhibitor, currently marketed in pill form for treating erectile dysfunction (ED) under the name Cialis; and under the name Adcirca for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Tadalafil is also manufactured and sold under the name of Tadacip by the Indian pharmaceutical company Cipla in doses of 10 mg and 20 mg.
Since PDE5 inhibitors such as Tadalafil may cause transiently low blood pressure (hypotension), organic nitrates should not be taken for at least 48 hours after taking the last dose of tadalafil. Using organic nitrites (such as the sex drug amyl nitrite) within this timeframe may increase the risk of life-threatening hypotension.
Since people who have taken tadalafil within the past 48 hours cannot take organic nitrates to relieve angina (such as glyceryl trinitrate spray), these patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience anginal chest pain.[8] In the event of a medical emergency, paramedics and medical personnel should be notified of any recent doses of tadalafil.
Tadalafil is metabolized predominantly by the hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme system. The presence of other drugs which induce this system can shorten tadalafil half-life and reduce serum levels, and hence efficacy, of the drug.
Tadalafil is also manufactured and sold under the name of Tadacip by the Indian pharmaceutical company Cipla in doses of 10 mg and 20 mg.
Since PDE5 inhibitors such as Tadalafil may cause transiently low blood pressure (hypotension), organic nitrates should not be taken for at least 48 hours after taking the last dose of tadalafil. Using organic nitrites (such as the sex drug amyl nitrite) within this timeframe may increase the risk of life-threatening hypotension.
Since people who have taken tadalafil within the past 48 hours cannot take organic nitrates to relieve angina (such as glyceryl trinitrate spray), these patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience anginal chest pain.[8] In the event of a medical emergency, paramedics and medical personnel should be notified of any recent doses of tadalafil.
Tadalafil is metabolized predominantly by the hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme system. The presence of other drugs which induce this system can shorten tadalafil half-life and reduce serum levels, and hence efficacy, of the drug.
Wednesday, November 20, 2013
About Verapamil
Verapamil is an L-type calcium channel blocker of the Phenylalkylamine class. It has been used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, and most recently, cluster headaches.It is also an effective preventive medication for migraine. Verapamil has also been used as a vasodilator during cryopreservation of blood vessels.
Verapamil's mechanism in all cases is to block voltage-dependent calcium channels.
In cardiac pharmacology, calcium channel blockers are considered class IV antiarrhythmic agents. Since calcium channels are especially concentrated in the sinoatrial and atrio-ventricular nodes, these agents can be used to decrease impulse conduction through the AV node, thus protecting the ventricles from atrial tachyarrhythmias.
Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle that lines blood vessels. By relaxing the tone of this smooth muscle, calcium-channel blockers dilate the blood vessels. This has led to their use in treating hypertension and angina pectoris.
The pain of angina is caused by a deficit in oxygen supply to the heart. Calcium channel blockers like Verapamil will dilate blood vessels, which increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. This controls chest pain, but only when used regularly. It does not stop chest pain once it starts. A more powerful vasodilator such as glyceryl trinitrate may be needed to control pain once it starts.
Verapamil is also used intra-arterially to treat cerebral vasospasm. Verapamil has been used to treat cluster headaches, but it can also cause headaches as a side effect.
Verapamil's mechanism in all cases is to block voltage-dependent calcium channels.
In cardiac pharmacology, calcium channel blockers are considered class IV antiarrhythmic agents. Since calcium channels are especially concentrated in the sinoatrial and atrio-ventricular nodes, these agents can be used to decrease impulse conduction through the AV node, thus protecting the ventricles from atrial tachyarrhythmias.
Calcium channels are also present in the smooth muscle that lines blood vessels. By relaxing the tone of this smooth muscle, calcium-channel blockers dilate the blood vessels. This has led to their use in treating hypertension and angina pectoris.
The pain of angina is caused by a deficit in oxygen supply to the heart. Calcium channel blockers like Verapamil will dilate blood vessels, which increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. This controls chest pain, but only when used regularly. It does not stop chest pain once it starts. A more powerful vasodilator such as glyceryl trinitrate may be needed to control pain once it starts.
Verapamil is also used intra-arterially to treat cerebral vasospasm. Verapamil has been used to treat cluster headaches, but it can also cause headaches as a side effect.
Mepivacaine hydrochloride
Mepivacaine is a local anesthetic[1] of the amide type. Mepivacaine has a reasonably rapid onset (more rapid than that of procaine) and medium duration of action (shorter than that of procaine) and is marketed under various trade names including Carbocaine and Polocaine Mepivacaine hydrochloride is rapidly metabolized, with only a small percentage of the anesthetic (5 to 10 percent) being excreted unchanged in the urine. Mepivacaine because of its amide structure, is not detoxified by the circulating plasma esterases. The liver is the principal site of metabolism, with over 50 percent of the administered dose being excreted into the bile as metabolites. Most of the metabolized mepivacaine is probably resorbed in the intestine and then excreted into the urine since only a small percentage is found in the feces. The principal route of excretion is via the kidney. Most of the anesthetic and its metabolites are eliminated within 30 hours. It has been shown that hydroxylation and N-demethylation, which are detoxification reactions, play important roles in the metabolism of the anesthetic. Three metabolites of mepivacaine have been identified from adult humans: two phenols, which are excreted almost exclusively as their glucuronide conjugates, and the N-demethylated compound (2´,6´ - pipecoloxylidide).
The onset of action is rapid (30 to 120 seconds in the upper jaw; 1 to 4 minutes in the lower jaw) and mepivacaine hydrochloride 3% injection without vasoconstrictor will ordinarily provide operating anesthesia of 20 minutes in the upper jaw and 40 minutes in the lower jaw.
Mepivacaine hydrochloride does not ordinarily produce irritation or tissue damage.
Mepivacaine hydrochloride injection, USP, 3% is indicated for production of local anesthesia for dental procedures by infiltration or nerve block in adults and pediatric patients.
Tuesday, November 19, 2013
Phencyclidine hydrochloride
Phencyclidine hydrochloride is a drug used as an anesthetic by veterinarians; illicitly taken (originally in the form of powder or `dust') for its effects as a hallucinogen.
Phencyclidine commonly initialized as PCP and known colloquially as angel dust, KJ (kristal joint), illy, or wet, is a recreational dissociative drug. Formerly used as an anesthetic agent, PCP exhibits hallucinogenic effects.
phencyclidine can cause a kind of brain damage called Olney's lesions in rats. Studies conducted on rats showed that high doses of the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine caused reversible vacuoles to form in certain regions of the rats' brains. All studies of Olney's lesions have only been performed on non-human animals and may not apply to humans. One unpublished study by Frank Sharp reportedly showed no damage by the NDMA antagonist, ketamine, a similar drug, far beyond recreational doses, but due to the study never having been published, its validity is highly controversial.
Phencyclidine commonly initialized as PCP and known colloquially as angel dust, KJ (kristal joint), illy, or wet, is a recreational dissociative drug. Formerly used as an anesthetic agent, PCP exhibits hallucinogenic effects.
phencyclidine can cause a kind of brain damage called Olney's lesions in rats. Studies conducted on rats showed that high doses of the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine caused reversible vacuoles to form in certain regions of the rats' brains. All studies of Olney's lesions have only been performed on non-human animals and may not apply to humans. One unpublished study by Frank Sharp reportedly showed no damage by the NDMA antagonist, ketamine, a similar drug, far beyond recreational doses, but due to the study never having been published, its validity is highly controversial.
Mepivacaine hydrochloride
Mepivacaine hydrochloride is rapidly metabolized, with only a small percentage of the anesthetic (5 to 10 percent) being excreted unchanged in the urine. Mepivacaine because of its amide structure, is not detoxified by the circulating plasma esterases. The liver is the principal site of metabolism, with over 50 percent of the administered dose being excreted into the bile as metabolites. Most of the metabolized mepivacaine is probably resorbed in the intestine and then excreted into the urine since only a small percentage is found in the feces. The principal route of excretion is via the kidney. Most of the anesthetic and its metabolites are eliminated within 30 hours. It has been shown that hydroxylation and N-demethylation, which are detoxification reactions, play important roles in the metabolism of the anesthetic. Three metabolites of mepivacaine have been identified from adult humans: two phenols, which are excreted almost exclusively as their glucuronide conjugates, and the N-demethylated compound (2´,6´ - pipecoloxylidide).
The onset of action is rapid (30 to 120 seconds in the upper jaw; 1 to 4 minutes in the lower jaw) and mepivacaine hydrochloride 3% injection without vasoconstrictor will ordinarily provide operating anesthesia of 20 minutes in the upper jaw and 40 minutes in the lower jaw.
Monday, November 18, 2013
About Icaridin
Icaridin, also known as picaridine, KBR 3023, under the INCI name hydroxyethyl isobutyl piperidine carboxylate, and the trade names Bayrepel and Saltidin, is an insect repellent. It has broad efficacy against different insects and is almost colorless and odorless.It has been reported to be as effective as DEET without the irritation associated with DEET.
Icaridin has been reported to be as effective as DEET without the irritation associated with DEET.According to the WHO, icaridin “demonstrates excellent repellent properties comparable to, and often superior to, those of the standard DEET.” In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends using repellents based on icaridin, DEET, or oil of lemon eucalyptus for effective protection against mosquitoes that carry the West Nile virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis and other illnesses.
Icaridin has been reported to be as effective as DEET without the irritation associated with DEET.According to the WHO, icaridin “demonstrates excellent repellent properties comparable to, and often superior to, those of the standard DEET.” In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends using repellents based on icaridin, DEET, or oil of lemon eucalyptus for effective protection against mosquitoes that carry the West Nile virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis and other illnesses.
Daidzein
Daidzein belongs to the group of isoflavones.It act as antioxidants to counteract damaging effects of free radicals in tissues.Isoflavones can act like estrogen in stimulating development and maintenance of female characteristics or they can block cells from using other forms of estrogen.
Daidzein can be converted to its end metabolite S-equol in some humans based on the presence of certain intestinal bacteria. Based on several decades of research, S-equol has potential for significant health benefits.
Daidzein has no classification in the United States; it is not considered to be GRAS (generally recognized as safe) in the United States. It has not been approved as a drug for any indication in the United States. It is a component of foods and dietary supplements derived from soy. Dietary supplements are not regulated as drugs in the U.S., and the labeling of dietary supplements in the U.S. may not describe the supplement as having any drug activity or effectiveness.
Scientists have studied some of the activities of daidzein in their laboratories, working with cells or with animals such as mice. Studies in cells and in animals sometimes give hints as to what a chemical might do when given to humans, but no one can know what a chemical does in humans until the chemical is tested in a clinical trial.
Daidzein can be converted to its end metabolite S-equol in some humans based on the presence of certain intestinal bacteria. Based on several decades of research, S-equol has potential for significant health benefits.
Daidzein has no classification in the United States; it is not considered to be GRAS (generally recognized as safe) in the United States. It has not been approved as a drug for any indication in the United States. It is a component of foods and dietary supplements derived from soy. Dietary supplements are not regulated as drugs in the U.S., and the labeling of dietary supplements in the U.S. may not describe the supplement as having any drug activity or effectiveness.
Scientists have studied some of the activities of daidzein in their laboratories, working with cells or with animals such as mice. Studies in cells and in animals sometimes give hints as to what a chemical might do when given to humans, but no one can know what a chemical does in humans until the chemical is tested in a clinical trial.
Friday, November 8, 2013
1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
CAS:872-50-4
Molecular Formula:C5H9NO
Molecular Weight:99.13g/mol
Description:It is colourless or light yellow liquid with an amine odour. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (872-50-4) does tend to neutralize acids to form salts plus water.N-Methylpyrrolidone is used to recover pure hydrocarbons while processing petrochemicals and in the desulfurization of gases.
About Daidzein
Daidzein belongs to the group of isoflavones.It act as antioxidants to
counteract damaging effects of free radicals in tissues.Isoflavones can
act like estrogen in stimulating development and maintenance of female
characteristics or they can block cells from using other forms of
estrogen.
Daidzein can be converted to its end metabolite S-equol in some humans based on the presence of certain intestinal bacteria. Based on several decades of research, S-equol has potential for significant health benefits.
Daidzein has no classification in the United States; it is not considered to be GRAS (generally recognized as safe) in the United States. It has not been approved as a drug for any indication in the United States. It is a component of foods and dietary supplements derived from soy. Dietary supplements are not regulated as drugs in the U.S., and the labeling of dietary supplements in the U.S. may not describe the supplement as having any drug activity or effectiveness.
Scientists have studied some of the activities of daidzein in their laboratories, working with cells or with animals such as mice. Studies in cells and in animals sometimes give hints as to what a chemical might do when given to humans, but no one can know what a chemical does in humans until the chemical is tested in a clinical trial.
Daidzein can be converted to its end metabolite S-equol in some humans based on the presence of certain intestinal bacteria. Based on several decades of research, S-equol has potential for significant health benefits.
Daidzein has no classification in the United States; it is not considered to be GRAS (generally recognized as safe) in the United States. It has not been approved as a drug for any indication in the United States. It is a component of foods and dietary supplements derived from soy. Dietary supplements are not regulated as drugs in the U.S., and the labeling of dietary supplements in the U.S. may not describe the supplement as having any drug activity or effectiveness.
Scientists have studied some of the activities of daidzein in their laboratories, working with cells or with animals such as mice. Studies in cells and in animals sometimes give hints as to what a chemical might do when given to humans, but no one can know what a chemical does in humans until the chemical is tested in a clinical trial.
Thursday, November 7, 2013
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Hexamethylphosphoramide, often abbreviated HMPA, is a phosphoramide (i.e. an amide of phosphoric acid) having the formula [(CH3)2N]3PO. This colorless liquid is a useful polar aprotic solvent and additive in organic synthesis.
HMPA is a speciality solvent for polymers, gases, and organometallic compounds. It improves the selectivity of lithiation reactions by breaking up the oligomers of lithium bases such as butyllithium. Because HMPA selectively solvates cations, it accelerates otherwise SN2 reactions by generating more "naked" anions. The basic oxygen centers in HMPA coordinate strongly to Li+.
HMPA is a ligand in the useful reagents based on molybdenum peroxide complexes, e.g., MoO(O2)2(HMPA)(H2O) is used as an oxidant in organic synthesis.
HMPA is only mildly toxic but has been shown to cause nasal cancers in rats.Still, many organic chemists regard HMPA as an exceptionally hazardous molecule due to its known carcinogenicity, and avoid its use when possible. HMPA can be degraded to less toxic compounds by the action of hydrochloric acid. For laboratory uses it can be substituted by the less carcinogenic solvent DMI.
HMPA is a speciality solvent for polymers, gases, and organometallic compounds. It improves the selectivity of lithiation reactions by breaking up the oligomers of lithium bases such as butyllithium. Because HMPA selectively solvates cations, it accelerates otherwise SN2 reactions by generating more "naked" anions. The basic oxygen centers in HMPA coordinate strongly to Li+.
HMPA is a ligand in the useful reagents based on molybdenum peroxide complexes, e.g., MoO(O2)2(HMPA)(H2O) is used as an oxidant in organic synthesis.
HMPA is only mildly toxic but has been shown to cause nasal cancers in rats.Still, many organic chemists regard HMPA as an exceptionally hazardous molecule due to its known carcinogenicity, and avoid its use when possible. HMPA can be degraded to less toxic compounds by the action of hydrochloric acid. For laboratory uses it can be substituted by the less carcinogenic solvent DMI.
N-Acetylneuraminic acid
N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac or NANA) is the predominant sialic acid found in mammalian cells.
This negatively charged residue is found in complex glycans on mucins and glycoproteins found at the cell membrane. Neu5Ac residues are also found in glycolipids, such as gangliosides, a crucial component of neuronal membranes found in the brain.
Along with involvement in preventing infections (mucus associated with mucous membranes — mouth, nose, GI, respiratory tract), Neu5Ac acts as a receptor for influenza viruses, allowing attachment to mucous cells via hemagglutini.
Neu5Ac is also important in the biology of a member of pathogenic bacteria as it can used either as a nutrient, providing both carbon and nitrogen to the bacterium, or in some pathogens, can be activated and placed on the cell surface. Bacteria have evolved transporters for Neu5Ac to enable them to capture it from their environment and a number of these have been characterised including the NanT protein from Escherichia coli, the SiaPQM TRAP transporter from Haemophilus influenze and the SatABCD ABC transporter from Haemophilus ducreyi.
Wednesday, November 6, 2013
N-(3-Aminopropyl) methacrylamide
Simultaneous grafting of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA) on polypropylene (PP) was investigated for obtaining interfaces that are stimuli-responsive under physiological conditions. A pre-irradiation method was optimized tuning the γ-irradiation dose, reaction time, temperature, and monomers concentrations. FT-IR ATR and XPS analysis of the grafted copolymers evidenced a greater content in NIPAAm than in APMA; the APMA/NIPAAm ratio increasing with the concentration of APMA in the reaction medium and when the grafting was carried out in 1 M NaNO3. The grafted films were characterized regarding their thermal properties (DSC and TGA) swelling behavior and contact angle. Immersion of the pre-irradiated films in 1 M NIPAAm/0.5 M APMA aqueous solution rendered PP-g-(1NIPAAm-r-0.5APMA) which exhibited rapid and reversible transitions showing a LCST around the physiological temperature
Formula:
(C7H14N2O)HCL
Molecular Weight: 178.7Melting Point: 122-124º
Inhibitor: uninhibited
References: For use of N-(3-Aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride to make reductively biodegradable hydrogels for tissue engineering,
2,3-Naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride
N-(1'-Phenyl-2'-hydroxyethyl)-2,3-naphthylenedicarboximide(1a) was
obtained by the reaction of 2,3-naphthylenedicarbonitrile with
R-phenylglycinol. 2,3-Naphthylenedicarboxylic acid, when reacts with
thionyl chloride, gives 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid cyclic
anhydride rather than the corresponding 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid
dichloride. The former, when reacts with S-leucinol, gives
corresponding dicarboximide(1b). The crystal structure of compound 1a
was determined by an X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Compound
1a: C40H30N2O6, FW=634.66,
orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a=1.15556(5) nm, b=3.16552(12)
nm, c=0.85984(3) nm; α= 90°, β=90°, γ=90°, V=3.1452(11) nm3, Z=4, F(000)=1328, Dc=1.340 g/cm3, μ=0.091 mm-1. Reflections collected/unique, 28053/4068(Rint=0.0411); Final R indices [I>2σ(I)]: R1=0.0337, wR2=0.0687; Largest diff. peak and hole, 248 and -222 e·nm-3.
CAS:716-39-2
Molecular Formula:C12H6O3
Molecular Weight:198.17g/mol
Description:Synonyms: naphtho[2,3-c]furan-1,3-dione;2,3-NAPHTHALENEDICARBOXYLIC ANHYDRIDE;1,3-Dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1,3-dione;benzo[f][2]benzofuran-1,3-dione;benzo[f]isobenzofuran-1,3-quinone
CAS:716-39-2
Molecular Formula:C12H6O3
Molecular Weight:198.17g/mol
Description:Synonyms: naphtho[2,3-c]furan-1,3-dione;2,3-NAPHTHALENEDICARBOXYLIC ANHYDRIDE;1,3-Dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1,3-dione;benzo[f][2]benzofuran-1,3-dione;benzo[f]isobenzofuran-1,3-quinone
Tuesday, November 5, 2013
1,3-Dimethylimidazolium iodide
1,3-Dimethylimidazolium iodide is an organic iodide salt used to prepare tri-iodide based electrolytes.It is yellow crystals.
Synonyms:
1,3-Dimethylimidazoliumiodide (7CI);1H-Imidazolium, 1,3-dimethyl-, iodide (9CI);Imidazolium,1,3-dimethyl-, iodide (8CI);1,3-Dimethyl-1H-imidazolium iodide;1-Methylimidazole methiodide;N,N'-Dimethylimidazolium iodide;
CAS:4333-62-4
Molecular Formula:C5H9IN2
Molecular Weight:224.04283g/mol
Synonyms:
1,3-Dimethylimidazoliumiodide (7CI);1H-Imidazolium, 1,3-dimethyl-, iodide (9CI);Imidazolium,1,3-dimethyl-, iodide (8CI);1,3-Dimethyl-1H-imidazolium iodide;1-Methylimidazole methiodide;N,N'-Dimethylimidazolium iodide;
CAS:4333-62-4
Molecular Formula:C5H9IN2
Molecular Weight:224.04283g/mol
About M-Phenylenediamine
m-Phenylenediamine is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(NH2)2. It is an isomer of o-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine. It is a colourless solid.
m-Phenylenediamine is used in the preparation various polymers including aramid fibers, epoxy resins, wire enamel coatings and polyurea elastomers. Other uses for m-phenylenediamine include as an accelerator for adhesive resins, and as a component of dyes for leather and textiles.Basic Brown 1 (Bismarck Brown), Basic Orange 2, Direct Black 38, and Developed Black BH In hair-dying, m- phenylenediamine is a "coupling agent", used to produce blue colors.
M-Phenylenediamine is used in the synthesis of engineering polymers, aramid fibers, thermoplastics, dyes and other materials.I
m-Phenylenediamine is used in the preparation various polymers including aramid fibers, epoxy resins, wire enamel coatings and polyurea elastomers. Other uses for m-phenylenediamine include as an accelerator for adhesive resins, and as a component of dyes for leather and textiles.Basic Brown 1 (Bismarck Brown), Basic Orange 2, Direct Black 38, and Developed Black BH In hair-dying, m- phenylenediamine is a "coupling agent", used to produce blue colors.
M-Phenylenediamine is used in the synthesis of engineering polymers, aramid fibers, thermoplastics, dyes and other materials.I
Monday, November 4, 2013
About Amcinonide
Amcinonide (trade name Cyclocort) is a topical glucocorticoid used to treat itching, redness and swelling associated with several dermatologic conditions such as atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.
CAS: 51022-69-6
Molecular formula: C28H35FO7
Molecular weight: 502.57
Specifications: USP29
CAS: 51022-69-6
Molecular formula: C28H35FO7
Molecular weight: 502.57
Specifications: USP29
About Budesonide
Budesonide is a glucocorticoid steroid for the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis (including hay fever and other allergies), and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. In addition, it is used for Crohn's disease (inflammatory bowel disease).
A new extended-release formulation of budesonide called "Uceris" has been recently approved by the United States FDA for ulcerative colitis.
Budesonide is nebulized for maintenance and prophylactic treatment of asthma including patients who require oral corticosteroids and those who may benefit from systemic dose reduction.
Treatment of active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or ascending colon; maintenance of remission (for up to 3 months) of Crohn's disease (mild-to-moderate) involving the ileum and/or ascending colon.
A new extended-release formulation of budesonide called "Uceris" has been recently approved by the United States FDA for ulcerative colitis.
Budesonide is nebulized for maintenance and prophylactic treatment of asthma including patients who require oral corticosteroids and those who may benefit from systemic dose reduction.
Treatment of active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or ascending colon; maintenance of remission (for up to 3 months) of Crohn's disease (mild-to-moderate) involving the ileum and/or ascending colon.
Friday, November 1, 2013
About Moxifloxacin hydrochloride
Moxifloxacin is a fourth-generation synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent developed by Bayer AG (initially called BAY 12-8039). It is marketed worldwide (as the hydrochloride) under the brand names Avelox, Avalox, and Avelon for oral treatment. In most countries, the drug is also available in parenteral form for intravenous infusion. Moxifloxacin is also sold in an ophthalmic solution (eye drops) under the brand names Vigamox, Moxeza for the treatment of conjunctivitis (pink eye).
Moxifloxacin is used to treat a number of infections including: respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, anthrax, intraabdominal infections, endocarditis, meningitis, and tuberculosis.
Moxifloxacin is used to treat a number of infections including: respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, anthrax, intraabdominal infections, endocarditis, meningitis, and tuberculosis.
About Emtricitabine
Emtricitabine (FTC), with trade name Emtriva (formerly Coviracil), is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children.It is an analogue of cytidine. The drug works by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, the enzyme that copies HIV RNA into new viral DNA.
Product name:Emtricitabine
CAS:143491-57-0
Molecular Formula:C8H10FN3O3S
Molecular Weight:247.25g/mol
More about Emtricitabine (FTC).
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